Psychedelic Drugs (aka Psychedelics) Essay - 6131 Words

Psychedelic Drugs (aka Psychedelics) Introduction: Throughout human history people have sought experiences that somehow transcend every day life. Some sort of wisdom that might progress their knowledge of self and of the world that they live in. For some reason they believed that the tangible world just could not be all there is to life. Some believed in a greater force that controlled them, some believed of invisible beings that influenced their lives, some of an actual other world that paralleled their own. Many of these people also believed that it was possible to catch a glimpse of these forces, beings, or worlds through a variety of means that propel individuals into altered states of consciousness. These techniques include†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While American Indians are well known for their use of psychedelic agents other cultures have also been known to use psychedelics, especially psilocybin. So-called amp;#8220;magic; mushrooms also grow naturally in many parts of Europe and Asia. Norse trib esmen, for example, were believed to use Amanita muscaria or fly agaric mushrooms to bring on feelings of rage before going into battle. The same mushroom may have also been the inspiration to the founders of Hinduism. Preparations of datura, the agent found in jimson weed, are used in magic and witchcraft in many areas of the world, (Aaronson, 1970). More recently many artist, writers, and musicians have been known to use mescaline and psilocybin and other naturally occurring hallucinogens such as those found in morning glory seeds, and nutmeg, as well as synthesized hallucinogens like LSD. Because of their mind-expanding qualities, the high insight into reality that they seem to produce, as well as highly complex sensory experiences, some report receiving inspiration from such drugs. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The modern worldamp;#8217;s first glimpse into the world of psychedelics was through d-lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD. LSD was first synthesized in 1938 by two Swiss chemists from the alkaloid lysergic acid found in ergot, a parasitic fungus that grows on rye and other grains. Five years later, on April 19, 1943 Albert Hoffman, one of LSDamp;#8217;s co-discoverersShow MoreRelatedSynthesis of Mdma1925 Words   |  8 Pagescyanoborohydride method is the preferred method - the safrole + HBr route is attractive due to its sheer simplicity - the aluminum amalgam route is as useful as cyanoborohydride, but may have a slightly higher risk of failure. POPULAR LITERATURE: Psychedelic Chemistry: Contains instructions for isomerizing safrole, a synthesis of MDP-2-P from isosafrole, and a synthesis which uses the Leukart reaction. The synthesis of MDP-2-P is better presented in PiHKAL and the Leukart reaction is is not a recommendedRead MoreDrug Campaign Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to demonstrate how FRANK is achieving the campaign aims and, in turn, contributing to the government’s drug PSA targets, performance in key areas is measured against a series of ‘key performance indicators’ (KPIs). These and their accompanying targets are shown in the following charts. They are measured through a nationally representative tracking survey of young people and parents, a stakeholder satisfaction survey, and data collected from the helpline and website. http://wwwRead MoreCharles Manson s The Night Of The Tate Labianca Murders 1412 Words   |  6 Pagesfounders of Wholesale Grocery Company. Part 2 of the book was focused a lot on the girls in the Manson family even though it was titled The Killers, it even touched on the Hinman murder that had occurred before the Tate-LaBianca murders. Susan Atkins, aka Sadie Mae Glutz was a big part in this chapter/part because she gave the detectives a starting place for the murders. They had taken Susan to the Sybil Brand Institute in Los Angeles, where she had a roommate there and her name was Ronnie Howard. SusanRead MoreThe Dark Web Essay5373 Words   |  22 PagesABSTRACT Interest in the Deep Web peaked in 2013 when the FBI took down the Silk Road marketplace and exposed the Internet’s notorious drugtrafficking underbelly. Ross Ulbricht, aka Dread Pirate Roberts, was charged for narcotics trafficking, computer hacking conspiracy, and money laundering. While news reports were technically referring to the Dark Web—that portion of the Internet that can only be accessed using special browsing software, the most popular of which is TOR —negative stereotypes about

Islamic Versus Christian Marriage Essay - 1500 Words

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of religion in marriage. Specifically it will discuss whether Islamic marriage is better or worse for women than Christian marriage. After study of these two religions, it becomes quite clear Islamic marriage is much worse for women than Christian marriage. This essay will show that Islamic women are subjugated by their religion and do not enjoy the freedoms or the equality that Christian women enjoy, and perhaps even take for granted. Why is Christian marriage so much better for women? There are many reasons, but perhaps the most compelling is the idea of spiritual love. Nearly all Christian marriages are based on faith and spiritual love, while Islamic†¦show more content†¦There are many laws in the Muslim world surrounding marriage. Women do not inherit as much as men do, and women lost many other rights as well. Another writer states, For example, as soon as the Islamists in Iran came to power they took three extraordinary steps. They reinstated polygamy, they reduced the marriageable age of girls to nine years old, and they restored stoning to death as punishment for adultery (Why do they fear women so, 2004, p. 54). Christian unions would never allow a child as young as nine to marry, in the Christian world that would be seen as pedophilia, and the man would go to jail. In addition, men can marry more than one woman and that is not considered adultery, but if a woman sees another man, she can be killed for it. This indicates the rigidity of the Muslim religion and how it regards women. Frankly, Christian women would not stand for such treatment, and this is another compelling reason that Christian marriage is much better for women. They have a voice and their share equally with their husbands. Muslim wives do not share many things with their husbands. In fact, they are not even allowed to appear in public without elaborate veils, sometimes covering them from head to toe. They are cut off from everyone around them, and in some Islamic countries, a woman without a veil can beShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Pirates Of Barbary By Adrian Tinniswood1107 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Muslims, there were even Christians engaged in this event as well. That time they didn’t have many job to live for. since piracy can get wealth very quickly. It kinds to become a culture alone the Barbary Coast. The violence accompanies with many facts, circumstance, history, ideology, the opportunity to strike. It became their job. Who are the victims? Christians. The Barbary Coast was Islamic. It was like a clash of religion, Islamic versus Christians. For Islamic, they thought pirates to a wayRead MoreThe Between Iran And The United States1075 Words   |  5 Pagesand harsh punishments, a life in which fear was your closest companion. This is the basic concept explored by Marjane Satrapi in her autobiographical graphic fiction â€Å"Persepolis†. Satrapi focuses on her own struggles growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution and Iran’s war with Iraq. Both of these events help establish the setting and create an intensely high cultural climate. â€Å"Persepolis† is centered on Iran’s cultural distinctions and offers a symbolic glimpse into American freedom. WhenRead MoreThe Public And Political Space Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagescomponent. Although this legal ban, which later became a fatwa, was unique, the literature assumes that Islamic rulings are consistently 15 â€Å"’The Passion of the Christ’ for Christians-only Viewing,† AsiaNews. Sep, 26, 2004, accessed Oct 28, 2016 http://www.asianews.it/news-en/The-Passion-of-the-Christ-for-Christians-only-viewing-1200.html universalist in nature. While in the history of Islamic religious jursprudence, it is evident that certain ruling can be realized within a particular time andRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam2708 Words   |  11 PagesReligious Differences in Marriage From the past to the present, society has valued the partnership between two people and a spiritual God and/or leader. The unique union/partnership, also known as marriage, has been and continues to be a practice among religions of all kinds. The one common trait that each religion shares is the spiritual agreement and commitment to promise one’s self to another person forever in sickness and in health. Although the basic idea of marriage is shared, many religionsRead MoreMarriage Is A Construct That Almost Unanimously Comes From1187 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage is a construct that almost unanimously comes from religion. People may forget the connection in today’s society, but it is still vehemently there. The typical wedding in western society is in a church with a priest leading the vowels. Various people may get married with little to no religious affiliation, but religion still takes a prominent role in the act of marriage. It is clear that not all religions pract ice the same marital roles as commonly thought of in the United States, but thatRead MoreThe Religion of Islam Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion is What do Christians believe? In contrast, for Islam, the correct question is What do Muslims do? Whereas in Christianity, theology was the queen of sciences, in Islam, law enjoyed pride of place, for to accept or conform to the laws of god is Islam, which means to surrender to Gods law. Because Islam means surrender or submission to the will of God, Muslims have tended to place primary emphasis on obeying or following Gods will as set forth in Islamic law. For this reasonRead MoreThe Virgin Mary Was Vital To The Structure, Spread, And1187 Words   |  5 Pagesnurture Christ’s humanity. Those who preached about her, including Hesychius, a patriarch of Jerusalem, allowed people to be aware of the work she continued for her son, which included healings and miracles. Although one of the main ways in which the Christian identity was fostered was through the imperial elite. The Virgin Mary was increased in value and importance as people became aware of what she was capable of. A good portion of her elevation was achieved by the imperial family as people beginRead MoreTeenage Girls in Society Essay example1274 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel, â€Å"Does my Head Look big in this, face too. However she stays true to her religion even in the midst of society’s influence especially on teenage girls. In this book she is a Muslim and struggles with the fallacies that come with the idea of the Islamic tradition formed by society. In her efforts to change the minds of those who think of Muslims as being terrorist, she decides to step out on faith and wear a Hijab to school. Amal proudly puts her religion before her outward thoughts and feelingsRead MoreWhy the Ottoman Empire Proved to Be the Most Successful and Enduring of the Early-Modern Islamic Empires1636 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse why the Ottoman Empire proved to be the most successful and enduring of the early-modern Islamic empires. From its emergence as an empire in the fourteenth century, the Ottoman Empire conquered and expanded its reign throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa until its fall in the nineteenth century. This essay will examine the driving factors of Ottoman success in its conquest, and the dynasty system and law of the Ottomans which, arguably, was a core ingredient in the enduring reign of theRead MoreIslam Is The Second Largest Practiced Religion1910 Words   |  8 Pagesmosque is the equivalent to church. Muslims are worshipers of Islamic God. Muslims must follow by five Pillars of Islam which include These pillars are the declaration of faith, praying five times a day, giving money to charity, fasting and a pilgrimage to Mecca (at least once) (BBC, 2011). Islam is practiced among different countries such as Great Britain and American. Starting Second World War, there was a time in Great Britain where Islamic religion first started to be practiced. During the nineteenth

Dimmesdales Confession in The Scarlet Letter free essay sample

This paper looks at importance of Dimmesdales confession in the novel `The Scarlet Letter.` This paper is an exploration of the impact of speech and silence in the novel, `The Scarlet Letter.` It pays special attention to the centrality of Dimmesdales confession. The paper discusses the issues of sin and confession in the novel, with a unique approach to the meaning of sin to Hester and Dimmesdale. According to this author, Dimmesdale, and not Hester is the key to this story, since his silence and refusal to confess control the story, its outcome and as such, the development of the other characters. Dimmesdale finds inspiration and power in the act of sin; he is most potent when he is most perverse. It is a passionate sexual transgression that produces Pearl; it is his failure to confess his adultery and the resultant hypocrisy that gives force to his sermons and gains him respect in the eyes of the community; his decision to leave with Hester and his sexual excitement lent him unaccustomed physical energy (2347); his incitement to do some strange, wild, wicked thing (2348) allows him to write with earnest haste and ecstacy a sermon with such an impulsive flow of thought and emotion, that he fancied himself inspired (2352). We will write a custom essay sample on Dimmesdales Confession in The Scarlet Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Cleopatra Biography Essay Research Paper Cleopatra s free essay sample

Cleopatra Biography Essay, Research Paper Cleopatra s Trickeries Mother, lover, warrior, femme-fatale. Mother of a state, lover of all that brings beauty, warrior of the province, femme-fatale over all work forces ; this was Cleopatra Queen of the Nile. Cleopatra s intelligence, humor and beauty are still remembered and written about to this twenty-four hours. Bear a Grecian, Cleopatra adapted to the Egyptian ways and even larn their native lingua, a effort which had non been ccomplished since the Ptolemies had foremost ruled. Although non a true Egyptian, she utilized her enormous aptitude and cunning female ways to derive and supply, for her state that she so loved. Cleopatra was a born swayer and did so with a flourish that would subsequently be her undoing. Cleopatra s seductive, yet absolute ability to maintain Egypt in the agencies of net income and addition was accomplished through her legendary beauty, cunning intelligence and political cognize how and adumbrate inside informations of events environing her life. # 8220 ; He was moved by the beauty of the demoiselle, which was enhanced by the fact, being so just, she seemed to hold been wronged ( Florus ) . Cleopatra s beauty was and still is to this twenty-four hours said to hold been rather memorable. In 49 BC Cleopatra was in desperate passs and had to traverse enemy boundary lines in order to talk with Caesar. This brief happening in her history can give us a slightly brumous position of Cleopatra s organic structure size. ( Fraser 36 ) If she was able to suit into Egypt s tightly rolled rugs this may connote that Cleopatra was little and lissome. This is merely rationalisation. Cleopatra may non hold been attractive as it is suggested throughout history. Her supposed beauty may hold been one of the rare cases where intelligence, humor and personality far excel over visual aspects. ( George 960 ) Another ground for believing that Cleopatra may non hold looked as idea, may hold come from the coins that were minted for a really short clip to observe Antony and Cleopatra s unifying. On the face of the coin Cleopatra is pictured being fleshy of face and hooked nosed. This may hold been true or it may hold been, due to the creative persons deficiency of endowment. ( Shenkman webpg ) Hellenistic coins on the other manus offer a more visually fulfilling similitude. ( George 961 ) It is thought that possibly the carvings of Queenss and Pharaoh that are seen decorating walls all over Egypt may offer Cleopatra s portrayal. This is non at all the instance since these are merely generalized carvings that are used to picture all swayers. ( Perl 40 ) Thus it is about impossible to hold a ocular thought of Cleopatra s beauty. Therefore we must trust upon the Hagiographas of people of her clip. A adult male by the name of Appian wrote Antony was amazed at her humor every bit good as her good expressions # 8230 ; ( George 960 ) . Another adult male by the name of Plutarch merely said her existent beauty, it is said, was non in itself so singular that none could be compared with her # 8230 ; . ( George 960 ) . This authorship does non, as it seems, suggest that Cleopatra was non just off face instead all of them point to the fact that she was in that twenty-four hours, a really beautiful adult female whom, combined with her personality, was a perfect queen graven image. Cleopatra s colouring was another really eccentric and difficult to demand fact. Ptolemies, Cleopatra s household, were Macedonian Greeks and their people had a broad scope of hair and eyes sunglassess, from light to dark. Their tegument, excessively, could hold been one of many visible radiation or dark sunglassess. The precise tegument, hair and oculus colour seems to depend on the beginning used. ( George 961 ) Cleopatra s hair is a myth in its ain right. She neer wore her hair in knocks, in fact it was non long at all. Since wigs were the tallness of manner and depicted your wealth, Cleopatra had her hair shaved highly close to her scalp as excessively accommodate her many wigs nd to forestall any unwanted lice every bit good. Upon her bald caput she wore a wig of tight coil. This common thought of Cleopatra holding knocks foremost came into drama when the first Hollywood film was made about her life in 1934. The actress who played Cleopatra, Claudette Colbert, wore knocks because of a personal fancy for them, whereas in the 1960 remaking Elizabeth Taylor wore them because they were in manner at the clip. ( Shenkman webpg ) Although grounds throws a individual in both waies it is a simple want for us to believe in the fact that a adult female held so much power over the opposite sex in the yesteryear with her beauty. Up to this point Cleopatra s beauty has been the lone subject discussed, but her visual aspect was far from the lone thing that kept her royal underside in the highest place in Egypt. Cleopatra was a adult female who was ever believing and ever one measure in front of the tyrannizing work forces of her clip. A adult female of unbelievable personal appeal and intelligence ; she spoke nine linguistic communications. ( Shankman webpg ) The first show of her ability to accomplish her desires came when she was put on the throne in 51 BC and made to govern with her brother Ptolemy XIII. After a three twelvemonth reign with Ptolemy in the shadow of her opinion, Ptolemies advisers eventually convinced him to subvert the throne and direct Cleopatra into expatriate. ( Comptons Encyclopedia Cleopatra ) Not so easy thwarted Cleopatra amassed an ground forces on the boundary line of Egypt and snuck through the Gatess ina rolled up in a rug in order to acquire an audience with Caesar, whom was indoors Egypt. Cleopatra so used her feminine appeals and frolicing ways to capture and convert Caesar to assist her regain her throne. Caesar and Cleopatra from that dark on were lovers. This relationship greatly benefited Cleopatra in the sense that she had Rome s confederation every bit long as Caesar was hers. Caesar subsequently helped her get the better of her sister Arsinoe and once more recover her throne. ( Webpg beginning 6 ) Cleopatra was outraged when alternatively of Caesar get marrieding her he forced her to keep the throne with her 13 twelvemonth old docile brother. Cleopatra saw an advantage in her and Caesars relationship when she discovered that she was pregnant with his boy, shortly to be born, Caesarion, or small Caesar. Hoping to derive more so merely his name in matrimony but every bit good a place in Rome for her boy, Cleopatra denounced that Caesar would claim Caesarion, therefore doing him a inheritor to Caesar s bequest. After Caesar s tryst, Cleopatra fled to Egypt in fright of her life and made her son co-regent. It was non until two old ages subsequently that Cleopatra saw another manner to politically farther herself. ( Feinstein 24 ) This chance came in the signifier Mark Antony one of three of Romes swayers. Mark Antony summoned Cleopatra to set her on a mock test, and inquire her about some past dealingss with his enemies. Cleopatra being the play prima donna she was, arrived in expansive manner in order to do a really influential feeling on Antony. ( Webpg beginning 6 ) Cleopatra had sagely judged Antony s Dionystic ways and the feeling she made was one of great impact, go forthing him enamored with her. Cleopatra knew precisely how to acquire into Antony s life and therefore benifit hers. The Roman author Plutarch wrote Plato admits four types of flattery, but she had a 1000. Were Antony serious or disposed to mirth, she had at any minute some new delectation or appeal to run into his wants ; at every bend she was upon him, and allow him get away her neither by twenty-four hours nor by dark. She played at die with him, hunted with him ; exercised in weaponries, she was at that place to see. At dark she would travel joging with him to upset and torment people at their doors and windows.. ( Webpg beginning 6 ) This exerpt goes to demo how good Cleopatra intertwined their lives together, therefore Antony believed her to be a portion of his mundane life, like the imbibing of H2O, the ingestion of nutrient. He could non populate without her and hence would make what he needed to maintain her. Plus their relationship allowed him the entree to Egypt s financess and ground forces. Cleopatra finally lost Antony once more for the period of four old ages in which she gave birth to his twins, he so came back to Egypt where he stayed. In 36 BC Cleopatra became his life and married woman. Although Cleopatra neer forgot his other Roman married woman, she made it so that Antony could neer go forth her side, in fact she starved, cried, and fainted her manner when Antony had intended to go forth to see his Roman married woman. ( Comptons Encyclopedia Cleopatra ) Although this deathless devotedness of Antony to Cleopatra was finally his and their undoing. In 31 BC Antony was losing a sea conflict, seeing this Cleopatra took her ground forces and fled, seeing this he, the captain of the ground forces, turned heel and abandoned his ground forces to follow her. In this, Cleopatra had lost her confederation to Rome through Antony, for Rome believed him to be under a enchantment that kept him from moving rationally. Therefore taking him from teh ground forces and influence on Rome. ( Heinrich 17 ) Cleopatra s life was filled with extravagancy and wealths beyond comparison. Egypt was an highly good managed state and had the net incomes to demo. Thus Cleopatra had the money to be every bit excessive as she pleased. Her trip down the Nile to see Mark Antony after being summoned was done on a imposingly big barge-like ship. The ship was non a flatboat at it is normally thought for it would non hold floated, it was a boat covered in plated gold, Ag oars, with wallowing purple, scented canvass. Pipers, and flute participants playing below decks set the temper with music that drifted to shore. Upon the ship Cleopatra had dressed as the goddess Venus, draped in gossamer silks, and pearls. ( George 437 ) Her staff upon the ship were sea nymphs, and male childs in Cupid costumes who fanned her beneath a gold canopy. ( Webpg beginning 7 ) This would hold been an highly effete sight to Antony s Roman eyes. Yet Antony considered himself to be Dionysis incarnate and hence once more, Cleopatra had gained his esteem for her glamor. Antony had yet another surprise that dark. Cleopatra did non step off her boat to recognize him but alternatively invited him to dinner that dark with his work forces. Anthony was greeted by Cleopatra. Antony s avaricious eyes were focused on the pearls that Cleopatra wore that flushing to flash Egypt s wealth and its power. Beneath the pess of the invitees was a pes of rose petals. The tabular array had been set with solid gold dinnerwareand there were sofas every bit good on which the soldiers could lean back. At the decision of the repast Cleopatra announced to Antony s work forces that all were allowed to take their dinnerware every bit good as their shock absorbers as simple gifts from Egypt. ( George 437 ) As for Cleopatra s love personal businesss no 1 will of all time cognize if it was love at first sight or merely profit of states that brought Cleopatra her two ill-famed lovers. Caesar may hold used Cleopatra for her wealth and what it could lend to the expensive Roman civil wars. Anthony may hold merely been confused as to where his love and commitment belonged when he had an chance early to get married Cleopatra, yet married his challengers sister. In any event Cleopatra seemed to acquire over and forgive these work forces for their mistakes which in any footings shows that she did harbour some fondness, aside from political addition, for them. In decision Cleopatra lived a gloriously interesting life and she has the history and Hollywood films to turn out it. Yet even being the femme fatale that she was we may neer cognize if Cleopatra of all time did hold her bosom crestless wave with pride and love for Caesar, Antony or any adult male. She was a proud adult female and believed in her rights as a queen, those rights did non, in her books, include being paraded through Rome, in ironss. No 1 will of all time cognize if she was believing of love or retaliation when she took her life in 30 BC but one can merely give her the hand clapping and quiet self-respect deserving of a queen.

The Amendment Process free essay sample

The Hindu Caste System The Hindu Caste System has governed the lives of the Hindu people in India for thousands of years. Today, the Caste System shapes society in a similar, perhaps more extreme, way as when it was first implemented. Beginning with the Aryans, the Caste system gradually became the social system that gives an unchangeable structure to the Hindu peoples lives. While this manner of living is considered taboo by westerners and people of other religions, it is fully accepted by the Hindu people of India, who know no other way of doing things. The term caste is derivative of the Portuguese word casta, which referrs to a social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status. The Hindu Caste System is made up of four varnas, meaning color in Sanskrit, as well as several sub-castes called jati: brahmins (priests); kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats); vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants); and shudras (landless peasants and serfs). We will write a custom essay sample on The Amendment Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lower still are the untouchables; these people are the poorest of Indias poor. The Caste System is limiting to those in the lower castes, however, the higher castes still have some limitations such as who they can marry. For example, a member of a higher caste, such as a kshatriya, is forbidden to marry a person from a lower class, such as a shudra (or vice Williamson 2 versa). Also, today, while money is everything to most cultures, the members of lower castes are unable to move up financially. These people are condemned to the poor slums and cannot do anything to change their situation. In more recent times, the untouchables especially are being targeted by cruel members of the higher, superior castes. The untouchables are subject to murder, rape, beating, and arson every day. At an alarming rate of two murders per day and approximately 250,000 cases of cruelty per year, this has become a serious problem in Indian society. A bothersome aspect of the Caste System is the numbness toward the hardships of those in the lower castes; this is what really affected me during the documentary, which showcased the attitudes of superior caste members oward the untouchables. When asked which would upset him the most, a kshatriya (who was a landlord and had a few untouchables working for him) stated that he would feel worse about one of his animals dying than one of his untouchables. Even more upsetting is the fact that these untouchables, like so many others like them, accept this kind of treatment simply because of the significance the Caste System has in Indian history. The Hindu Caste System is thousands of years old and still affects the lives of billions of people in India today, making for a rigid, unchangeable society structure that cannot be escaped. The lives of those in the lowest castes are unfortunate and the treatment of these people is saddening, to say the least. To make matters worse, the Indian people, even those mistreated, accept that this is the way their world works and that there are no exceptions to this.

Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program A Discussion

Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program A Discussion Introduction Today, in the business world, organisations competing for market power and success are continuously looking for avenues to step ahead of their competitors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program: A Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, however, is becoming a more taxing objective for organisational managers as rapid advancements in information technology lead to mounting transparency of management activities across companies, making it exceedingly challenging to realize long-lasting differentiation (Kimiloglu Zarali 2009). But since the realization by management that customers are the core of a business and that an organisation’s success depends on effectively managing relationships with them (Nguyen et al 2007), companies are increasingly adopting and implementing customer relationship management (CRM) programs to maintain competitive advantage and prevent customers from switching to other companies (Kotorov 2003). The present paper discusses the critical success factors for a CRM program by illuminating the essential components making up the program. Essential Components of a CRM Program Perhaps the most essential component of a CRM program is the customer. Extant literature demonstrates that customers are the only source of the organisation’s present profit and future growth (Kotorov, 2003), hence must be located at the core of any successful CRM program by virtue of the fact that CRM has to result in the delivery of a valued customer experience (Kimiloglu Zarali 2009). An efficient CRM program, according to Payne Frow (2006), must be able to extract and deliver value to the customer through integrating and managing different channels of communication (e.g., face-to-face contacts, phone, Internet or other interactive media) to allow for an ongoing dialogue between customer and the firm across channels. As postulate d by Peelen et al (2009), the organisation must work deliberately and in a premeditated way to ensure that the product, the service offerings, the communications and interactions, the context and the price match or surpass customer expectations if it is to create a positive and long-lasting impact on customer loyalty, retention, recommendation behaviour and lifetime value.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second essential component of a CRM program is the relationship. As acknowledged by Kimiloglu Zarali (2009), the relationship between an organisation and its customers assumes a continuous two-way communication and interaction approach, which may be short-term or long-term, continuous or detached, repeating or one-time, and attitudinal or behavioural. Even though customers may have developed a positive attitude towards the organisation and its products or serv ices offerings, a stream of extant literature (e.g., Payne Frow 2006; Maleki Anand 2008) demonstrates that their buying behaviour is highly situational and context-oriented. Consequently, as suggested by Wang Feng (2012), an efficient CRM program must have the capacity to manage the customer-organisation relationship in a proactive and structured way to ensure it is profitable and mutually beneficial. Scholars and practitioners consider management to be a critical component of any successful CRM program. Payne Frow (2006) argue that CRM should not be perceived as an activity within the marketing domain; rather, it involves continuous corporate change in vision, strategy, culture and processes. The organisation’s management, including its top leadership, must therefore contribute positively for the CRM program to be able to collect customer information and transform it into corporate knowledge that leads to activities that take advantage of the collected information and of existing market opportunities (Maleki Anand 2008). For the CRM program to achieve success, the management should spearhead a comprehensive change in the company and its people. Another component which is inexorably linked to management is organisational collaboration. For CRM initiatives to bear fruit, scholars and practitioners have realized that the firm has to be built around customer needs (Nguyen et al 2007), and that customer management success must be appraised based on intermediate customer-oriented outcomes, such as satisfaction, loyalty and increased customer profitability (Peelen et al 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program: A Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These authors further contend that â€Å"the customer management function has the responsibility of creating reciprocity in a sense that actions taken by the company are matched by actions from the customers and vice versa† (p. 456). This therefore means that reciprocity is a fundamental characteristic of CRM, and entails the timely and accurate delivery of products and services, the creation of empathy toward the customer, and the expertise to commence a co-creation relationship with customers. Another key feature within the domain of organisational collaboration is the continuous and bi-directional customer-oriented feedback system, which assist the firm to not only learn about its customers but to also respond to their needs in a structured and proactive way (Peelen et al 2009). Hence, employees are expected to develop a customer-oriented culture to be able to share and interpret the meaning of customer data (Kotorov 2003), but more importantly to understand customers needs and ensure they are addressed ahead of those of owners, management or employees (Peelen et al 2009). Still, CRM vision is seen as an essential constituent of a successful CRM program. Scholars are in agreement that the firm needs to articulate or review its vision, related to CRM, if the program is to achieve success (Payne Flow 2006). Peelen et al (2009, p. 455) define CRM vision â€Å"as an organisation’s top management commitment to customer centricity as a path to business success.† Having realized that many CRM programs fail due to a disconnection of CRM vision and execution (Nguyen et al 2007), many managers charged with the responsibility of executing CRM programs have now acknowledged the critical importance of CRM vision not only to align the program with the business strategy and therefore increase the value of the customer relationship (Maleki Anand 2008), but also to align the scope and direction of CRM within the firm and therefore the development of other components (Peelen et al 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The last component to be discussed in this paper is the CRM strategy, which is basically a description of how the firm plan to realize its vision. Peelen et al (2009, p. 455) acknowledge that â€Å"without the CRM strategy, the vision will remain without (significant) impact on the other components.† Since the most immediate aim of the firm is to optimize the value of the customer base, CRM strategy assists it to not only position the customers at the heart of its activities but to also provide direction to all parts of the organisation to operate in tandem to realize end outcomes that balance the firm’s revenues/profits with customer satisfaction and loyalty (Wang Feng 2012). This exposition shows that the most important function of CRM strategy is to assist in the realization of the firm’s CRM vision, but to also deliver customer value and extract business value simultaneously. Conclusion From the discussion, it is clear that a successful CRM program must be grounded on some core components for organisations to reap the benefits associated with CRM, including maintaining competitive advantage, customer loyalty and retention. Although there are other essential components of a CRM program, the current paper has discussed several critically important ones including: customer, relationship, management, organisational collaboration, CRM vision and CRM strategy. The management of firms intending to adopt CRM programs should consider incorporating these components into their systems to achieve competitiveness, customer loyalty and retention. Reference List Kimiloglu, H Zarali, H 2009, ‘What signifies success in e-CRM’, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 27 no. 2, pp. 246-267. Kotorov, R 2003, ‘Customer relationship management: Strategic lessons and future directions’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 9 no. 5, pp. 566-571. Maleki, M, Anand, D 2008, ‘The critical success factors in customer relation ship management (CRM) (ERP) implementation’, Journal of Marketing Communication, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 67-80. Nguyen, TH, Sherif, JS Newby, M 2007, ‘Strategies for successful CRM implementation’, Information Management Computer Security, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 102-115. Payne, A Frow, P 2006, ‘Customer relationship management: From strategy to implementation’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 22 no. 1/2, pp. 135-168. Peelen, E, Van Montfort, K, Beltman, R Klerkx, A 2009, ‘An empirical study into the foundations of CRM success’, Journal of Strategic Marketing, vol. 17 no. 6, pp. 453-471. Wang, Y Feng, H 2012, ‘Customer relationship management capabilities: Measurement, antecedents and consequents’, Management Decision, vol. 50 no. 1, pp. 115-129.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Communication - Essay Example One very important area of communication where I feel need for personal improvement is oral and public communication. Oral and public communication forms a major part of our lives as the communication that takes place, majority of them takes place in oral form. Thus, it is very important to focus on this part of communication as it can really make or change our lives. There are many examples in our daily lives that can be linked to this type of communication. For instance, relationship manager in a bank is responsible for approaching the customers and develop relationship with them through this type of communication. Similarly, a lecturer in a university transfers most of the data to its students by communicating orally. A politician a leader or a reformer addresses the public by communicating with them orally. However, what if a manager is not able to communicate with the customers effectively because of poor oral and public communication skills, a lecturer fails to make his student understand the topic, or a politician fails to draw attention of the mob towards what he has to say? In order to avoid this scenario, we must focus on certain aspects that can make us better at oral and public communication. Following things should be kept in mind for oral communication: A speaker should always use appropriate volume level. It should not be too low so people have difficulty in listening to you and it should not be too high. The volume should be adjusted according to the situation as for instance, when addressing a mob speaker must be loud and clear so that he can effectively transfer his message. Similarly, if we are talking to a person who is standing near us then we should talk with a polite tone. The main goal should be to ensure that everyone understands what we want to say without straining their ear or by irritating them by speaking too loudly. The speaker should be assertive in what he has to say. For

Chapters question for Essentials of Health Behavior, Social and Essay - 6

Chapters question for Essentials of Health Behavior, Social and Behavioral Theory in Public Health book Mark Edberg - Essay Example An example of a strategy that can keep an intervention going consists of a number of measures. The first measure is to ensure that those who are involved in the intervention are trained to properly implement the intervention. This is followed by incorporation of community-based stakeholders who will support the program, followed by search for necessary resources for the intervention. It is also necessary to develop a link with similar intervention programs. This strategy ensures availability of resources and technical knowledge that keep an intervention going (Edberg, p. 100). Trying to implement a school based intervention policy faces a number of political issues that needs decision making and influencing others to accept the decision. The approval of the school board is one of the political issues that affect intervention as no policy can be implemented without the board’s consent. Successful implementation of an intervention also requires support from the school. This can only be achieved by political means. Similarly, choosing from many policies is another issue because resources are limited and not all policies can be implemented at the same time. Another political issue is acceptance of the policy by external stakeholders such as the community (Edberg, p. 105). The connection between schools and their communities that might affect selection of programs is the existence of the community as the schools’ environment and as a stakeholder to the schools. Because the schools are within the community, their policies are affected by behavior among students and their parents or guardians who come from the community. Another connection is the community’s interest in its children’s affairs in schools and the community’s future generations (Edberg, p. 104, 105). The major connection between workplace and the community is their ability to affect each other through employees. Workplace

Justice John Paul Stevens Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Justice John Paul Stevens - Case Study Example One of the most important factors of this case is the dissenting opinion of Justice John Paul Stevens. Justice Stevens stated that the judgment reached by the court was a strained decision which was also supported by a reading which was unpersuasive. He continued to say that the decision had overturned a precedent which had stood for a long time and also that the court had bestowed the law in a dramatic upheaval. Stevens states that it was notable of the amendment because it had omitted any of the statement of the needs that were associated with the individual's rights to utilize firearms when hunting or also in self defense and that this rights were present in the Declarations of Rights of Pennsylvania and Vermont (Gary, 2008). The dissent of Justice Stevens can be seen to be focused on four points of disagreement. One of the point of disagreement is that the Founders did not intend to make the individuals rights in possession of guns an aspect of the Second Amendment and if they intended it they would have made that clause expressly in the Second Amendment. The other point of disagreement is that the preamble concerning the militia and that the exact phrase which mentions to keep and bear arms is only applicable to the state militias only and not all individuals according to the Second Amendment.

Discuss Controversial Figure Thomas Cromwell History Essay

Discuss Controversial Figure Thomas Cromwell History Essay In this paper I would like to discuss Thomas Cromwell which was a controversial figure. Some people called him the ideal statesman of Tudor England, the other people called him most corrupt Chancellor. Cromwell was one of the most outstanding personalities of the English Renaissance era, which had ahead his time. Lets start from the biography of Thomas Cromwell. He was an important political personality in medieval England, he was the first counselor of King Henry VIII in 1532-1540., He was the chief ideologist of the English Reformation, one of the Anglicanism founders. He was born in 1485 in the family of tavern and brewery owner Walter Cromwell. His grandfather was a blacksmith. In addition, the father of Thomas Cromwell hadnt sober and honest behavior. There is evidence that he not only had a violent temper, but was accused of fraud. But Thomas and his older sister, Katherine were quite different people. As a teenager, after a conflict with his father, he left not only his home in the village of Putney (now part of London), but also the country. The thirst for adventure and a desire to see the world made him a French mercenaries in the Italian army from which he soon deserted, leaving the battlefield. After the army he went to live in Florence and employed to work at the banker whose name was Friskabaldi. Such start of young life made him possible to get on his feet quickly and travel to Rome. However, inquisitive Cromwell interested not only in finances. He enthusiastically watched the political life in Florence, where he met with the writings of Machiavelli. Later, he often followed the recommendations of the Emperor author. A few years later he moved to Holland, where he worked as a sales agent of English merchants in Antwerp. Approximately in 1513 Thomas Cromwell returned to England with a sufficient amount of money and began to live in London, at first he traded fabrics and wool, and then became one of the most famous lawyer in England. Such situation gave him the opportunity to meet with Cardinal Thomas Wolsey Lord Chancellor of King Henry VIII, so that he became his secretary and manager of pontifical estates. The most famous act in that capacity à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ was the abolition of the small monasteries. In 1529 he became a member of Parliament, and after the fall of Wolsey succeeded his officials under the kings court. Cromwells career abruptly went up in 1533 when he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and then in the 1536 he became Lord Privy Seal. However, the real power of Cromwell was given him by the Kings friendship and confidence. Cromwell had undoubted talent for management, some historians regarded him as the founder of the revolution in the governments control scheme. If earlier decisions were made in accordance with the wishes of the King (sometimes ill-advised and inconsistent), then Cromwell had developed a system of departments with used control techniques. Not all researchers agree with this statement, but, no doubt, Thomas Cromwell played a leading role in monasteries destruction. Harshness with which Cromwell enforced the secularization of church property, gave him the nickname the hammer of monks. Widespread closures of monasteries almost cost Thomas Cromwells career. In 1537 in the north of England, began the rebellion of Catholics, called the Pilgrimage of Mercy. The main demand of the rebels was the execution of Cromwell. However, the rebellion was suppressed. All segments of society hated him, they often guided by a completely opposite intentions, there wasnt such segment of society, which support or sympathy he could count on. For ordinary people, he was the organizer of the bloody persecution suppressor action against the new levies, the hardships that had befallen peasants after the closure of the monasteries. For the nobility, he was an upstart a commoner, which did not take rightful place at court. Catholics (especially the clergy) didnt forgiven him the break with Rome and the subordination of church to the king, plundered of church lands and weal th, Lutherans patronage . And those, in turn, accused the minister in the pursuit of new, true faith, and in condescending attitude towards Catholics. The Scots, Irish, inhabitants of Wales had a lot of claims to Cromwell. Cromwell played a leading role in establishing the rule of a monarch over the church, in the empowerment of the royal Privy Council, whose rights were extended to the north of England, Wales and Ireland. Cromwell filled the lower house of parliament by creatures of the yard and turned it into an instrument of the Crown. He was able to dramatically increase revenue of coffers at the expense of confiscation of monastic lands, and taxation of trade, development of which he encouraged by skilled protectionist policies, Thomas Cromwell managed to increase British influence in Scotland, a significant expansion of the British crown estates in Ireland, the final incorporation of Wales. Analyzing the literature I can say that Tomas Cromwell greatly influenced King. What else could King claim from the Minister, which not only handles all the orders of the king, but tried to guess his desires and anticipate the plans to which he had not yet figured out? However, the success of Cromwell jaundiced narcissistic Henry, he got into a huff by his minister intellectual superiority. The influence of Cromwell testified Henrys inability to get out of a painful divorce case, to reorganize the state and church affairs in the spirit of royal absolutism. The minister was a living reminder about the second marriage of King, the infamous process and the execution of Anne Boleyn, which he wanted to bring to eternal oblivion. More than once it seemed to Henry that Cromwell prevented him from appling his public capacity, prevented him to be among the major politicsof his era Charles V and Francis I. Thomas Cromwell made a great contribution to a difficult divorce of Henry VIII. The first wife of Henry VIII was Catherine of Aragon. Henry was still young when he married her, she was a widow of his brother Arthur. Katerina was a Spaniard, she was strict in religion and morals, with calm nature, which didnt correspond to rapid temper of the king. The only thing that spoke in favor of Henry it was his beauty, mind, love to science, amorous, but none of these qualities she did not appreciate. She married him because the marriage was approved by the pope. But the blessing of the pope did not save her from unhappiness. Henry could not long remain faithful to his wife. A great admirer of the female, he was constantly moved from one subject of passion to another, until finally he stopped on the court lady, Anne Boleyn, who didnt want to live together without marriage, and demanded the marriage and Henry chose the divorce with Catherine. However, the king met with resistance! Everybody were against divorce: the Father, and Catherine, and trusted people of the King. But Henry has already managed to learn all the charm of tyranny and said he would not retreat from his decision. Divorce in medieval dynastic tradition was a quite common phenomenon, so Henry was not particularly doubt in his success, but the question of Henrys divorce had been delaying for six years. King has repeatedly tried to make Ekaterina to divorce with him, or retired to a monastery, but she skillfully and firmly reflected his attack. Henry was hoping for the Popes order of invalidity of marriage on the grounds that the King married his brothers wife. Thomas Cromwell proposed Henry divorced Catherine without the Pope permission. Why, he said, the king did not want to follow the example of German princes and with the assistance of Parliament declare himself the head of the national church? This idea seemed very attractive, and soon he returned to persuade himself. Henry, following the advice of Thomas Cromwell, decided to break with the Pope and declared himself as a head of the English Church, asked to help the domestic court. To give the case a legal nature, the council was convened, chaired by Archbishop of Canterbury. Cathedral decided or rather, Henry decided, by means of Archbishop, who blindly did his will that the head of the English Church, will be king. Often, but erroneously stated that Cromwell wanted to make Henry the absolute monarch. Cromwell acted through the House of Commons, that is why the decisive factor was the adoption of the Parliament reform (1529-1536). Thomas Cranmer rightly wrote in 1537 to Strasbourg reformer Wolfgang Kapiton: In all that has hitherto been achieved in the reformation of religion and the clergy, only Cromwell did more than all the others together. Five-year legal reform led the authority of the Pope in England replaced by supremacy of the king over the English church. Cromwells efforts to abolish the legal independence of the church began with the adoption of the Supplication of the Commons Against the Ordinaries, which said about restricting the right of clergy to assert ecclesiastical laws without the consent of the House of Commons, and the arbitrary and abusive acts of ecclesiastical courts were criticized, which were often unfair to the laity. The King complained the Speaker of the House that the prelates during his ordination sweared allegiance to the Pope. On May 15, 1532 council adopted an appeal of the clergy, asking the king the protection from the House of Commons and giving the council control of his legislative activities in return for his patronage of the ecclesiastical courts. The next day, Thomas More resigned from his post as chancellor. By the end of the year the stopping payment of annatto act to Rome was approved , and the Pope, because of the threat, made Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury,. In March 1533 Cromwell prepared statement of overriding Act to limit appeals. The famous preamble to the Act reads: The Kingdom of England is the Empire under the sole rule of the Supreme Head and King, who has the imperial dignity and the imperial throne, and whom society consisting of people of different classes and conditions of various titles and the foundations of spiritual and secular, after God is obliged by natural and humble obedience. Act held that issues relating to the activities of the king, sent for consideration to the Supreme Church Council, the highest legal authority, and no further appeal beyond the Kingdom, for example in Rome were impossible. Resistance to the Henry church upheaval was surprisingly weak, but on the altar of change were two victims: Bishop John Fisher and the layman Sir Thomas More. Fisher and More could not make a compromise with their conscience and to sign the Act of the rule, because it rejected the authority of the Pope. In February 1536 the reformist parliament received from Cromwell inspectors reports about monasteries and approved the first act of elimination. Henry was forced to limit the number of monasteries, due to economic reasons, as well as for religious reasons and because of the anticlerical the House of Commons mood. In adopting the act in 1536, Parliament abolished the small communities with an annual income of less than 200 pounds. Most of the larger monasteries were forced to obey the King. Monastic lands transition to the hands of the nobility contributed to further strengthening of this class and his participation in the governance of the country, while at the level of local governance became dominate the rich esquires. Profits from the land sale and other property were used for the pensions of certain former monks and nuns for the content of the new diocese, new schools and colleges as well as to enrich the royal purse. In 1539, to strike up relations with German Protestants, Cromwell persuaded the king to marry Anne of Cleves the sister of a German duke. Alas, the bride did not like Henry. Circumstances allowed the leaders of the Catholic party at the yard Thomas Duke of Norfolk and Bishop Stephen Gardiner to convince a suspicious king in the unreliability of his most loyal ministers. He was arrested and executed in confidence in the Tower of London in 1540. After that, his head was welded and installed on a stake on London Bridge. Reformer Tomas Cromwell made a great contribution to the formation of the Anglican Church. Renowned British historian Thomas Babington Macaulay called the Anglican Church fruit of unity of government and Protestants, i.e., the result of the consent of both parties in the views of the church. Alliance between the Crown and Protestantism was not easy and was characterized by periods of tension and regression. Obviously, Henry VIII believed in the possibility of destruction the relation with Rome without any changes in church teaching and worship. The king maintained a conservative theology, and in the period from 1532 to 1540 was forced to choose between the radicals, led by Cromwell and the Conservatives, led by the Duke of Norfolk and the Bishop of Winchester by Stephen Gardiner. At first, followed by a period of elevation of radicals, and after the fall of Cromwell in 1540 the Conservatives. Henry tried to act as judge in the competition of the parties, as later in the same century , his daughter Elizabeth maintained her position over the Anglican and Puritan parties. As a consequence, the Reformation in England developed by universal course via media, as nowhere else on the continent, with the possible exception of Sweden. Summing it up I would like to stress that a small portion of society has learned for himself the benefit of the Reformation. These were the new people, the emerging class of capitalists and bureaucrats who have acquired property, without noble birth. As a result of the Reformation there were such large changes in class composition of society, which it hasnt known throughout their history.

Analysis of Macbeths Soliloquy :: Papers

Analysis of Macbeth's Soliloquy I have chosen one of Macbeths soliloquys from Act 1 Scene 7. This scene follows Lady Macbeth welcoming Duncan into the castle to have a banquet to celebrate the sucess of the battle earlier that day. Macbeth has left the banquet to ponder the idea of murdering King Duncan. Macbeths first lines suggest â€Å"If it ‘twere done when ‘tis done, then ‘twere well it were done quickly† In these first lines there are many elisions making it very quickly spoken, Macbeth cannot bear to stay on the subject of murder for very long. Here Macbeth is saying, if only his troubles would end with Duncan’s murder, then he would go ahead and do the murder, quickly. He just wants to get it over and done with. The use of 'it' shows Macbeth using neutral, non-specific language to disasociate himself as far as possible from the murder. Macbeth fears the consequences of the murder and implies that he would go ahead with the plan for the murder, if he were sure that this would be the â€Å"be-all and the end-all, here† . Macbeth goes onto visualise himself as a fisherman we see this in the lines: 'But here upon this bank of and shoal time' He is 'netting' the consequences as he stands on the shoal of time, perhaps in an unspoken sea of eternity. This is a very powerful image. He then suggests that he would risk being damned to become king: 'We'd jump the life to come' There is a sort of recklessness and instability in the word 'jump', as if to jump off a cliff. 'Life' is a vague euphemism, for hell, Macbeth uses these a lot to avoid associating himself with the act of murder and its spiritual consequnces. The 'we' in this line could be seen the royal 'we' which would show he is already beginning to think of himself as king. Macbeth also fears the consequences of killing Duncan in this world: 'We still have judgement met here'

The Girl with the White Flag

High is the author of the book The Girl With the White Flag. The book depicts the realities of war through the eyes of the protagonist, who is a little girl known as Tomtit. Tomtit lives on the island of Okinawa and resides with her family. When the war of Okinawa starts, she is separated from her family and struggles to survive. She has to forage for food, shelter, and her lost sisters.She delves within to find the strength and courage to survive. In this narrative, the author uses literary devices to reject the travails of the refugees in the Battle of Okinawa. The narrative is in a first- person mode using implicit and explicit quotes which allows the reader to empathic with Tomtit's thoughts and emotions. Through the use of implicit and explicit quotes, Tomtit High is able to uncover the harsh realities of life such as facing death and is able represent the transformation of a young timid girl into a mature and fearless person.In the beginning of the story, Tomtit is depicted as a naive girl who is sheltered by her family. In her book, Tomtit High projects her father as a strict caparisoning, determined to ensure that his children learn the lessons needed for life. This is reflected in the quote, â€Å"It must have hurt. But you've got to learn that seeds are next in importance to life. If you eat them up, you won't have any beans next year. And not only you, but Hooks and Hatfuls and Choosy. None of you will have any beans to eat. Do you understand! You mustn't ever eat seeds again† (High, P. 31).This quote is explicit as it directly states that Tomtit Fibular 2 should not eat the beans, so the reader doesn't have to make any inferences about what is happening in the story. Also, this quote shows the strictness of her father. In life, fathers always have to look after their kids and create rules for them to follow. A girl's father is a significant person in her life. A father guides and protects her by all means. Afterwards, Tomtit portrays her fath er as a very brave and courageous man who fulfills his responsibilities towards his family, which is depicted in this quote, â€Å"Now I want you all to listen carefully.There's going to be fighting here in Okinawa very soon. Life's not going to be peaceful for us any more. You must be prepared, so hat when the time comes, you'll be able to keep your head and know what to do† (High, p. 36). This quote is also explicit as in the quote Tomtit voices that her father is guiding his children for their survival. In war, there is isolation, and no one knows whether the family is alive or dead. Family is important to us as they help provide the support and comfort needed to prepare for life.When Tomtit lived with her family, she was protected, and she was sheltered by her family. The war transformed her into a brave and courageous person. When the war started, she had to face many tough obstacles. However, these hurdles eloped her grow as an individual. She had to cope with her broth er's death, see many Japanese soldiers commit suicide, and witness the deaths of many innocent civilians from the destruction of war. Also, she was separated from her family and had to survive on her own. Tomtit grew as a person from these hardships.She reflects this change through the following lines, â€Å"Poor man, I thought as I started to walk past him, he must have been pulled by one of those bullets. By that time, I had seen so many dead bodies here and there that I had become quite used to the site and was not frightened† (High, P. 55). This quote is explicit as it expresses that Tomtit doesn't have Fibular 3 to feel uncomfortable when near the sight of dead bodies. This quote depicts the transition of a fearful girl to a courageous person.If Tomtit would have experienced this earlier in the narrative, she would have not been able to cope with the dreadful sight of dead soldiers. Afterwards, Tomtit comes across an experience that displays one of the toughest memories in her life, which is Illustrated by the quote, â€Å"l said to myself as I walked along, resigned to my fate, staring at the round hole from which I expected a bullet to come toward me any minute† (High, P. 1 10). This quote is implicit as the reader doesn't know if Tomtit is going to live or die.It helps her grow and learn how to take life as it comes. This quote is strong as it reflects the statement that Tomtit has no problem accepting her fate of life and death. This is very courageous as our society is shown to not have the will power to make a choice that big. Tomtit is able to then enlighten the reader on the realities of life presenting that Tomtit doesn't have a problem of facing death. After living through these experiences, Tomtit was transformed into a fearless and confident person, who no longer depends on others to take care of herself.In this story, Tomtit reflects to the reader about the outcome of her experiences by citing, † I resolved then and there to write about my experiences in the hope that such suffering might never be repeated† (High, P. 127). This quote is explicit as Tomtit is exhibiting to the reader that she had resolved her experiences about war. This also explains that the suffering of war is so harsh, that a person does not want it to happen to them again. War can have an effect on a person's mental health which can cause a definite increase in the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders.War also impacts women more then men emotionally. In the end, Tomtit was transformed from a sheltered girl to a woman capable of living on her own. Fibular 4 After the war ended, Tomtit writes that she must move on with her life and forget the cruel memories of the war. She presents this to the reader by citing , â€Å"It was a scene straight out of hell. There is no other way to describe it. And sad and painful though it was, we could not afford to linger, and so we set off again trekking south† (High, P. 48). T his quote is implicit as we don't know what scene Tomtit is offering to in the book.Some readers may believe that it may be describing only one specific scene in the book, others may think that it is talking about Tomtit's experience of war as a whole. I believe that this quote in the book reflects Tomtit's experience of combat as a whole. This quotation also uncovers the truth that Tomtit is determined to move on. She expresses to the reader that having written about her experiences of war is a catharsis, and she is going to have to move on. In this story, Tomtit is able to depict in her writing that through the brutal experience of battle an innocent, timid girl can become a dauntless and gallant individual.From this story, Tomtit is able to represent the truth of a female utilizing her experience of war to turn herself into a valiant and risk taking individual that will do anything to survive in life. Like Tomtit, if we confront our tough times with courage, we will be able to fa ce our obstacles with bravery. It can also transform us and helps us evolve. I feel life as like a roller coaster, if we don't take risks and keep going on the same pattern then we would not be able to ascend in our character. Fibular 5

buy custom Irish History essay

buy custom Irish History essay This essay will be organized into three main parts: Introduction, body and the conclusion. The Introduction is a brief cross sectional look into the history of Britishs invasion of Ireland. It is in the main body that the essay captures the works of Theobald in relation to Ireland republicanism, his life and his works in politics. In the conclusion, the relevance of relevance of Wolfe Tone will be clearly illustrated. Introduction The Great hunger of Ireland was the turning point of Irish history. It was caused by the continual failure of the potato which was the staple food and the crop on which the entire population relied upon which was risky at the time. It is estimated that at least one million people died of starvation and disease in the late 1840s and another one million from the famine that followed. This hardened the resentment that already existed against the British, The death of so many of their own made the nationalist party gains a lot of sympathy from the Irish immigrants who had immigrated to America. The anger from the death of so many people under British rule be can be said to be the birth of nationalism. It was shown by secret societies groups of farmers and workers who secretly gathered to implement their ideas on justice against land owners who were settlers. These groups had existed before but they were now more aggressive now since it was now clear that the British government was only i nterested in its own interests and not those of the Irish people. The domination of Ireland by England started in the twelfth century through King Henry II securing Lordship over some part of the country and later designating the Lordship to his son. Only part of the country was under the British that is the Dublin and its environs however this changed with the onset of the Tudor monarchs, namely King Henry VII and Elizabeth l who took control over the entire country. The British governed the legal, administrative, civil service and the military, which reduced the Irish to subjects in their own country. The Tudor monarch plantation policy led to dispossession of land from the Irish, to the investors who had supported the invasion, and they also made attempts to Anglicanise the locals which was composed largely of a Catholic society . As a result, parliament became biased due to the low number of Catholic members despite having a predominantly Catholic population and was mainly composed of nominees by the settlers. This sparked the activities of var ious nationalist who sought after the reestablishment of an Irish parliament and some self autonomy through peaceful means. With the threat of invasion of Ireland by France the British, not knowing they will be cooking themselves in their own fat so to speak, asked for volunteers to defend against the French, thousands joined and formed the Irish Volunteers who then used their newly acquired position to force the hand of the British crown into granting them permission to vote. The Irish patriot party under the leadership of Henry Grattan was in the forefront to push for greater enfranchisement for the people which saw some laws passed in which Catholics were allowed to vote. However others such as Theobald Wolfe did not see this feat as one that could be achieved through peaceful means but through the use of physical force. The political turmoil in Ireland that would mark the 19th century actually began in the 1790s, when a revolutionary organization, the United Irishmen, began to take shape. Leaders of the organization, most notably Theobald Wolfe Tone, met with Napoleon Bonaparte who was well known for his military tactics against his enemies in revolutionary France, seeking help in overthrowing British rule in Ireland. This did not go unpunished as the British took action against the rebels and anybody thought to be affiliated to then several Irishmen were captured tortured and killed, including Wolf who was captured and while in captivity gave an articulate speech on the need to continue with his work he was sentenced to hang although he requested to be shot and die like a soldier, his petition was denied and was sentenced to hang. He later died of wounds after an attempted suicide to avoid being branded a traitor for his involvement in the 1798 Irish rebellion. This made him a martyr and hero in th e eyes of the Irish people. The Works of Theobald Wolfe Tone Since the end of the 15th century, Ireland was chiefly governed by the Anglican protestant though the group was a minority which constituted members of the established church loyal to the British crown. The discrimination faced by the majority Irish Catholics and the non Anglican Protestants as well as the success of the American Revolution inspired the liberal elements among the ruling class to achieve some reforms that would make Ireland autonomous. Some of the grievances were the that the Irish Catholics as well as the non Anglican protestants were barred from voting as they did not possess a property threshold which was as a result of dispossession of land during the invasion by British in earlier centuries when the Tudor monarchs were in power. In addition to that, the fact that Ireland was sovereign kingdom governed by the monarch and a parliament on the island was a mere mirage. In reality, the English had veto power over the Irish law through the Poyings law of 1491 and the B ritish was given the right to legislate for the kingdom by the Declaratory act of 1720, these acts acting together reduced Ireland to nothing but a colony with even less autonomy than Britishs North American colonies. The Irish were forced from their lands and acted as a source of labour for the up and coming industries. England still had mercantilist practices and despite all, they still regulated the ability of Ireland to turn into a competitive commerce industry. This made the members of the Ulstrs nascent bourgeoisie to immigrate to America. With the success they saw of the American Revolution this helped them to fuel their own anti colonial revolution. This birthed the beginning of capitalism and subsequently two classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The advance of capitalism changed the temperament of Irish resistance of British rule giving rise to Irish republicanism. The ground breaking organization of Irish republicanism was the Irishmen Society led by an Ulster protestant Theobald Wolfe Tone who was from the capitalist class and had ties with the Ulster proletariat as well as the Irish peasants these went a long way in gaining support from both sides as the British were heavily r elying on the differences that existed between the Catholics and the a protestants of Ireland. Theobald therefore acted as the needed missing link to start an insurrection Theobald was born in Dublin 20th of June 1963. He studied law at Trinity College and qualified as a barrister at the age of 26. He came into the limelight in 1790 when he wrote a pamphlet attacking the Marquees of Buckingham followed by an essay titled the A Northern Whig in which differed with the elements constitution that Henry Grant had shaken down from the British, Grants constitution did not address the continued differences among Catholics and the Protestants . He wanted the union of all religions in Ireland and total emancipation from the British, a country cannot be granted independence when it is still ravaged by sectarian divisions. In his bid to put his ideas into practice Theobald in conjunction with others such as Thomas Russell and Nappy Tandy formed the Society of United Irish Men. It is impossible to talk of this society without mentioning the French revolution. This society came into being in the backdrop of the French revolution, whose effects were being felt all o ver Europe in the 1700s, and whose views challenged the traditional way of thinking by using scientific rationale it was championed by Rousseau. It saw everyone as being equal. The United Irishmen fashioned relations with the Jacobean regime and sought for help from the directory government of France where they borrowed ideas from the French who had dissociated themselves with the followers of Babeuf which at the time was opposing the French directory government, this gave them perspective on how to deal with the British government which was determined to continue its hold on Ireland. The recollections of the events of the crush of the Gaellic civilization; which was the way of life of the Irish people before the invasion of the British, by the British, the confiscation of land and the exile of native rulers remained to the Irish descendants of the eighteenth century. The descendants of the Irish Catholics suffered under the penal laws which were meant to maintain powers in the hands of the settlers, by excluding the Catholics from seats of power such as parliament. Despite owning large tracts of land many of the settlers lived in England and only visited Ireland, mean while the Irish Catholics lived as peasants in abject poverty. The Protestants also faced grievances though not as severe as those faced by the Irish Catholics. They (Protestants) suffered legal from legal handicaps and showed antipathy towards the fact that the British used Ireland as a colony to further its interests and the Irish wanted to be an independent country with its own government. The Irish Volunteers attempted to address these injustices but failed due to sectarian divisions. Naturally, the British thrived on this and saw it as an opportunity to continue with its rule using the divide and rule policy that was very common in British colonies, as now the British regarded it as a colony. They incited the Protestants by telling them that they would lose their lands and suffer religious persecution if the Catholics were to gain equal rights, this caused sectarian violence between the Catholics and the Protestants. This is where the Society of United Irishmen came in order to try and unite the different sects to from a sovereign but unified Ireland that was divided along sectarian lines. Many young nationalist attributed all the strife facing Ireland to British occupation. The Society of United Irish men was the brainchild of Theobald and to be able to adequately see the relevance of his work on Ireland, one has to look at it achievements and failures in depth as is common with any organization, union or political party that plays a major role in the attainment on independence of any country but in this case the development and growth of nationalism and republicanism in Ireland today. The United Irish men wanted to abolish the penal laws and the system of government that allowed for the landed English aristocrats to have their own appointees to the Irish parliament, they wanted to see reduced interference in Irish affairs by the English parliament as well as changes in the ownership of land to bridge the gap that was so clearly evident in the ownership of land. This societys vision would culminate to a country as that outlined in Tom Paines book The Right of man. Obviously these activities would not go down well with the British as the democracy of Ireland could spread over to Britain and an Irish only Parliament would reduce British interest in Ireland therefore after only three years of existence they outlawed the group and the Society of United Irish Men. This did not dampen the efforts of Theobald. The first attempt by Wolfe tone was in 1776 when he went to France to seek help to overthrow the British as it had become evident that constitutional efforts and diplomacy were not going to succeed in his efforts to liberate Ireland. However, this attempt was thwarted by bad weather where the French troops only got as far as the shore with no real physical confrontation taking place. Secret societties continued to emerge throughout Ireland made up of both Protestants and the Catholics. Wolfe and his group distributed pamphlets as well as copieis rights of man as a way of informing the people. These efforts went a long way as peasants now started to push for the freeing of Catholics, abolition of tithes and the redistribution of land as well as lower rents and an end to evictions these was the very outcome that the British did not want to happen because in Ireland Sectarian rows had always led to the downfall of the up risings. With a Unifi ed Ireland, British rule was threatened. The British realized this and retaliated with brutal force and the country was placed in the hands of the military. Troops were brought in from England and a crusade of terror was launched: towns were raided, men were whipped and tortured, men were half hanged this was done so that they could censure anyone involved in the societies activities, in short they tried to instill fear so as to reduce the involvement in the activities of the Irish society. Despite all this the Society remained strong especially in areas of Leignster and Connaught and culminated in a rebellion in 1798. It resulted in the following: the in 1801 the Act of Union was forced upon Ireland which crushed the efforts of the rebellion and religious sectarianism was established. The United Irishmen did not swayed but continued to flourish and brought together native Ulster settlers in a national rebellion, the colonialists tried to crush it again by claiming religious narrow-mindedness. The Orange order was founded to as a response to the United Irishmen and to date has continued to propagate sectarian violence by calling for holy wars against the Catholics as well as to encourage the domination of Ireland by England at the time it also provided the English Government with the necessary information on the activities of its enemies. Theobald was unshaken by the Orange boys and he only viewed them as a puppet of the British and believed that with proper organization of government their propaganda would easily be ended. In any case, this was not to be as ever since the orange boys have managed to shatter all hopes to end sectarian rows this was important to the British as continued sectarian divisions and the continued oppression of the Irish Catholics would ensure their continued rule. The bashing of Catholics led to Catholicism being the face of Irish nationalism which went ahead to bear fruit that saw the repeal of the penal code, it turned Catholicism into a force to be reckoned with in the Irish society. Conclusion The efforts of Theobald tend to orient towards Republican ideologies. Republicanism form of government may ideally mean a government in which power rests with the people as opposed to the monarch but it goes beyond this to mean a way of life in which people have an interdependence whose success or failure depends on the social framework they inhabit. It is not a perfect way of life. Therefore the questions posed to republicans in general are how to attain this freedom? And what constitutes this freedom that is how to define it? However, all republicans agree that this freedom is fragile and must be jealously guarded by those that the people themselves elect into power. For this freedom to be achieved it requires political equality through active citizenship and self governing citizens who have some control over the direction of their lives rather than complete self sufficiency. With this in mind the relevance of Theobald Wolfe Tone is obvious. By asking the French for assistance he s aw the French not as an enemy which was in contrast to how the Britain viewed the French. He viewed as an ally from whom he could not only borrow ideas but a military which was renown throughout Europe. At the time the French would help the people of Ireland become free of English rule. Though his efforts did not succeed he had made attempts that continued to instill a sense of nationalism in the people which was important for any country that hoped to be free from the reigns of colonialism. Theobald, wanted to see a society without preference and an end to ascendancy as well as the end of the connection between the church and the state, there was need for a society where those who came to power were competent persons who could run a country. Through the Society of Irishmen he campaigned for protection of personal property for all citizens and condemned anybody who would support continued British rule. It was important that Irish people saw the need for independence as opposed to forcing the idea of sovereignty down their throats. He recommended that it is the people who should suggest those they want to see in the legislature, people who would represent their needs not those who used the seats in power to further their own interests as was the case with the settler appointed nominees where corruption was rampant. These very persons should be elected in the basis of courage zeal and ability as opposed to wealth, accordingly, the people should organize themselves in order to form a Government to administer the affairs of Ireland and seek to further the interests of the state. This was not going to be achieved when Ireland was still under the rule of the British Monarch. It was the efforts of the united Irishmen that brought to the forefront the grievances of the Irish people. Theobald Wolfe Tone can therefore be credited with being the father of Irish Republicanism. His effort enabled the ordinary people of Ireland to realize they had rights and Ireland should be a democratic, egalitarian society devoid of interference from the British and sectarian divisions. The work of the United Irish men did not continue long after the death of Thobald, and after the Act of union of 1802 where the Irish parliament was abolished and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed. 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Determining Training Effectiveness The WritePass Journal

Determining Training Effectiveness Abstract Determining Training Effectiveness ) and in order for organizations to effectively design training programs, it is essential to consider the points made in this theory (Munley, 1977). Likewise, another important aspect of measuring training effectiveness is choosing the most appropriate evaluation method as emphasized in the Learning Styles Theory included in Kolb’s model (Sugarman, 1985). These main theories and others such as Maslow’s hierarchy of individual needs (Huitt, 2007) and Herzberg’s two factor theory (Gardener, 2011) will be included in the discussion concerning the measurement of training effectiveness in the dissertation and accordingly give rise to the following research questions. Research Questions What is the importance of evaluating training effectiveness and why is it needed in organizations? What methods can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of training in organizations? How can organizations choose evaluation methods relevant to the type of training they offer? 3.   Methodology Data Collection: The data collected for this study will be qualitative and quantitative in nature and this study will make use of both primary and secondary data for the purpose of research. Secondary data will be collected through the means of journals, online sources, books, company prospectuses, and other academic sources. This study will also use the aid of primary material in the form of questionnaires and interviews in order to gain fresh insight into the topic. As this study is an exploratory study requiring an in-depth analysis of the mentioned topic, the study will aim to incorporate and examine as much relevant literature as possible and also use the aid of primary research   in order to compare the findings of the literature review with fresh data retrieved through questionnaires and interviews.   The proposed methods are most appropriate because a substantial amount of literature is available on the topic and the use of questionnaires and interviews are most convenient for gathering primary data. Data Analysis: The data collected will be analyzed through the means of classic content analysis and through the evaluation and interpretations of the researcher regarding the data in question. The researcher will compare and contrast the data available and find relevance in the material available used for the purpose of research in order to derive conclusions regarding the data (Hsieh Shannon, 2005). The closed-ended data in the questionnaire will be analyzed through the means of statistical measures to numerate the most popular responses. Open-ended questions in the questionnaire will be analyzed through classic content analysis. Access: Access to data is available through online sources, libraries, and the researcher’s own collection of literature regarding the mentioned topic. Access to companies for the sake of primary research will be gained through permission and scheduling a time for the interview and dispersement of questionnaire. Research Limitations: The limitations of this research include that it may be difficult to gain access to company employees for the sake of primary research and honest responses in questionnaires cannot be guaranteed. Moreover, there are often problems in correctly evaluating qualitative data and arriving at valid and reliable conclusions (Hsieh Shannon, 2005). Timescale:    Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Organizing Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Data Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Writing First Draft†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Proofreading First Draft†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Finishing and Submitting Dissertation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ References Gardner, G. 2011. â€Å"Is there a Valid Test to Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?†. Journal of Occupational Psychology. Vol. 50:3 pp 197-204 Hsieh, HF. Shannon, SE. 2005. â€Å"Three Approaches to Qualitative Content  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analysis†. Quality Health Records.   Vol. 15:9 pp. 1277-1288 Huitt, W. 2007. â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs†. Educational Psychology Interactive. [online] Accessed on: 4th February, 2013 Available at: edpsycinteractive.org/topics/conation/maslow.html Munley, PH. 1977. â€Å"Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and Career Development†. Journal of Vocational Behavior. Vol. 10:3 pp.261-269 Newstorm, JW. 1995. â€Å"Evaluating Training Programs: The Four Levels by Donald L. Kirkpatrick (1994)† Human Resource Development Quarterly. Vol. 6:3 pp.317-320 Rae, L. 1985. How to Measure Training Effectiveness. Aldershot: England Reeves, MF. 1990. â€Å"An Application of Bloom’s Taxonomy to the Teaching of Business Ethics†. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 9:7 pp.609-616 Sugarman, L. 1985. â€Å"Kolb’s Model of Experiental Learning: Touchstone for Trainers, Students, Counsellors, and Clients.† Journal of Counselling and Development. Vol. 64:4 pp. 264-268 Walsh, BM. 2011. â€Å"Workplace Incivility: A Model of Training Effectiveness† Thesis: University of Connecticut Zwik, T. 2012. â€Å"Training effectiveness- differences between older and younger employees†. Working and ageing. Vol. 4

GARMIN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GARMIN - Essay Example Sales volume and high levels of customer demand point toward Garmin’s strengths in the GPS marketplace. In 2007, Garmin company announced that 75 cents per share dividends would be included for investors as a reward for the company’s sales performance (Hough, 2008). Garmin has only recently paid dividends after being in business for 20 years, which indicates sizeable growth in sales which can likely be attributed to consumer satisfaction regarding the product. One of the main strengths of a company is its ability to lure investors and use stock equities to boost capital. Garmin’s ability to pay handsome dividends and the company’s commitment to investor relations represent the firm’s largest strengths. Additionally, Garmin has recently signed a six-year agreement with NAVTEQ, the digital map supplier responsible for the majority of Garmin’s electronic GPS routes (Annual Report). NAVTEQ will continue to provide map assistance and upgrades, allowing the company to maintain focus on its brand and remain a leader in effective and accurate GPS technologies. The company’s main weakness is an external issue involving the current economic climate across the United States. Consumer wealth is diminishing and it is relatively common knowledge that customers are scaling back on purchases in order to sustain a quality lifestyle. This change is most noticeable with Garmin’s stock price shift from nearly $100 to $19 in 2008 (Hough). The majority of Garmin’s products are designed for the consumer rather than on a B2B model (business-to-business) which creates a situation in which the company must understand its consumer and create products which will be in high demand in difficult economic climates. Garmin’s main opportunity lies in marketing and its ability to create effective sales and marketing promotions to build brand loyalty. With such a high volume of competition in the GPS market, Garmin

The Role of Material Life, Language, Social Interaction and Aesthetics Essay - 2

The Role of Material Life, Language, Social Interaction and Aesthetics in Chinese Marketing - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in Chinese culture, material culture is revered as it is also one of the ways through which they express themselves. Material culture can be looked at in terms of artifacts, dressing, technology, and food. Materially Chinese prefer to use their own locally produced products as opposed to importing them from other countries. Hence it is common to find huge posters and other artworks containing Chinese workmanship that is totally different from what is commonly found in western cultures. All kinds of products, including food products, can be advertised or made popular through artifacts and technology. Much Chinese own television and radio sets; therefore, it would be easy for them to get information about new products on the market. The material life of Chinese is normally showcased in several of their festivals. The most relevant of the festivities, in this case, is the Moon Festival in which mooncakes are served as a delicacy. Mooncakes, which are closely related to Goodman Fielder’s Crunchy Cookies, are among the most popular of Chinese delicacies. Such festivities can be used as platforms to introduce and market new delicacies, in this case, the Crunchy Cookies that Goodman Fielder is planning to introduce into the market. Oriental dishes are very common in many of Chinese restaurants; however, it is not uncommon to find a few foreign food products in several stores. This means that although Chinese highly value their local food products, they are also open to other products that appeal to them. There are different languages spoken in China, however, there are some that are more prominently used than others. For instance, Mandarin and Cantonese are widely spoken more than any other languages in the country. English is also slowly gaining popularity, especially in the urban places. Language in China plays a huge role in social interactions. Many of Chinese websites, especially social interaction sites are operated in either M andarin, Cantonese or English. Whatever languages the Chinese use for their communication, they normally emphasize on politeness and respect.

Robot Lawnmowers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robot Lawnmowers - Essay Example The sellers make their customers buy them and thus ample time is saved for attracting new clientele and persuading them to buy robot lawnmowers. This not only saves time but also offers huge profit. 2.1.3. The best robot lawnmowers that are being sold in the market holding positive feedback from the elderly and the disabled consumers include Robomower, Lawnbott, and Husqvarna Automower (Squidoo LLC, 2011). Robomower is being made by a company in Israel named Friendly Robotics, and is being traded into the US by Systems Trading Corporation (STC). Lawnbott is being made by an Italian company named Zucchetti Centro Sistemi and is being imported by Kyodo America (KA). It is marketed by the name of Ambrogio in Europe. Automower is made by a Swedish company and is imported and marketed by official Husqvarna dealers. 2.2.1.1. Robot market is developing at a fast pace since robots are making lives easier by automating the systems and leaving enough time for leisure along with saving money (Fuller, 1991). Since new technology is continuously replacing the old one, the price of robot lawnmowers is dropping and is expected to further drop in the coming years with a simultaneous increase in their usage especially by consumers who are elderly or are disabled. 2.2.1.2. The technology regarding the hardware, software and design is being improved but the component prices are dropping since the demand is increasing. The robot market is seriously considering the needs of the elderly and the disabled persons and the robot lawnmower market also consider them their biggest consumers. 2.2.3.1. The robotic mower market is expected to quadruple in the coming few years. However, at least a decade is needed for these lawnmowers to replace the contractors’ business so in the meanwhile the contractors can make use of these intelligent devices to make money in their businesses. 2.6.2. In

Role of ATP in Supporting Energy to the Body Essay Example for Free

Role of ATP in Supporting Energy to the Body Essay When food is ingested, it is broken down into components and utilized in a specific manner in three major cellular pathways to provide energy for the cells and the body.   Ultimately, these pathways involve the breakdown and utilization of food, the utilization of O2 and the production of CO2, the generation and regeneration of ATP and the production of water.   Therefore, these processes involve respiration as well as the breakdown and utilization of food and oxygen. Three major pathways are involved:   glycolysis which takes place in the cellular cytoplasm and breaks down glycogen and glucose from food, the Krebs Cycle which occurs in the mitochondrion and oxidative phosphorylation which occurs in the mitochondrion.   Ã‚  Ã‚   These three pathways occur in two cellular locations.   Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and The Krebs Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation take place in the mitochondria.   During these three pathways, there is a utilization and production of ATP that biochemists follow closely.   It results in the net production of 36 molecules of ATP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To understand the entire process that illustrates how food is broken down and utilized in the body, it is instructive to follow a bolus, that is, food consumed, chewed and swallowed.   Each step involves some aspect of digestion that breaks down complex sugar and protein molecules into smaller units.   Proteins are broken down into peptides and amino acids while starches and other complex sugars are broken down into glucose. The glucose undergoes glycolysis in the cellular cytoplasm beginning with the enzyme hexokinase, and the entire process of glycolysis is controlled by the rate limiting enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK).   Kinase enzymes (enzymes that break down ATP) are common all along the three pathways involved, glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle (also called the Citric Acid Cycle and the Tricaroxylic Acid Cycle) and phosphorylative oxidation.   Kinases are enzymes that break down or utilized ATP, ADP and AMP as their substrate or one of their substrates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fiske and Subbarow discovered and characterized ATP in 1929.   At that time, the work of some demonstrated that the breakdown of ATP provided energy for muscle contraction, but other studies demonstrated that there was ATP synthesis during glycolysis and during electron transport.   Although ATP is made throughout the cell, the cellular location of ATP synthesis varies with the biochemical pathways associated with ATP synthesis.    Although one common pathway of ATP synthesis and breakdown is associated with the adenylate kinase reaction that forms two ADP molecules from ATP and AMP, studies in the late 1920s and beyond demonstrated that ATP synthesis was also associated with glycolysis and during electron transport.   In 1949, Kennedy and Lehninger demonstrated that ATP synthesis and the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria.   We now recognize that ATP synthesis and breakdown can be associated with specific biochemical pathways in the cell cytoplasm and in the mitochondria.    Some enzymes are sensitive to the ratio of ATP to AMP and to the presence of ADP.   This realization led to the concept of the energy charge, the relative concentration of ATP to ADP to AMP in the cell.   An energy charge of 1.0 represents all ATP, and energy charge of 0 represents all AMP and an energy charge of 0.5 represents all ADP or equal amounts of ATP and AMP or some combination of the two.   These ratios, and thus the energy charge are important to the cell because many cellular enzymes such as PFK are sensitive to and regulated by the relative amounts of the adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP and AMP. Glycolysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Glycolysis, also referred to as the Embden-Meryhof-Parnas pathway (figure 1), is essentially the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm of the cell.   The glycolytic process can begin with glucose or glycogen.   During the process, glycolysis generates the high energy compounds ATP and NADH that serve as the energy sources in the cell.   Among the many cellular roles for glycolysis, it serves three central cellular functions.   First, it generates high energy molecules such as ATP and NADH. It also produces pyruvate for the Krebs cycle and a variety of three and six carbon compounds involved in the intermediary metabolism of the cell.   The rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis, that is, the key enzyme that controls the glycolytic pathway, is phosphofructokinase (PFK).   PFK is feedback inhibited by high levels of ATP which acts by lowering the affinity of the substrate F6P for PFK.   AMP can reverse the inhibitory effect of ATP rendering PFK, and thus the control of glycolysis very sensitive to the ratio of ATP/AMP in the cytoplasm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The final product arising from glycolysis depends on the cellular conditions.   Whereas glycolysis begins with glucose or glycogen, it ends with the production two molecules of the three carbon compound pyruvate.   Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to form lactic acid or ethanol and under aerobic conditions pyruvate loses CO2 and forms the product acetyl-coenzyme A as a result of oxidation of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water in the citric acid cycle within the mitochrondia.   Glycolysis occurs in the cellular cytoplasm and the Krebs Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the mitochondria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Glycolysis results in the formation of fructose from glucose and the formation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and compounds along the pathway on the way to splitting the resulting 6-carbon compound into two three carbon units of pyruvate.   In the process, NAD+ serves as a hydrogen carrier and is reduced to NADH, the oxidized form of NAD+. In the cell, the oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid is very complex and strongly exergonic and is generally coupled to ATP synthesis.   Glucose goes to Glu-6-P to Fructose with the breakdown of two ATP molecules.   Fructose gives rise to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate which is ultimately splite in a complex reaction chain to phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate which is finally split into two molecules of pyruvate by pyruvate and the regeneration of the two ATP molecules previously utilized. Glycolysis Figure 1. Embden-Meryhof-Parnas pathway, also known as glycolysis.   Reproduced from Michael W. King, Wednesday, 22-Mar-2006. The Citric Acid Cycle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Citric Acid Cycle (Figure 2) is the most complex of the three components associated with carbohydrate metabolism and the consumption of food.   It involves the following eight enzymes and the components they use as substrate:   Citrate Synthase, Aconitase, Isocitrate Dehydrogense, alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase, Succinyl-CoA Synthetase, Succinate Dehydrogenase, Fumarase, Malate Dehydrogenase.   The generation of acetyl-CoA from carbohydrates is a major control point of the Krebs cycle.   Therefore, glycolysis and the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis, PFK, play a role in the control of the Krebs cycle.   The oxidation of an acetyl group is a difficult chemical process and may be the reason that nature developed the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCAC), also known as the Citric Acid Cycle and the Krebs Cycle. The Krebs cycle begins when the products of glycolysis leave the cytoplasm (cytosol) and enter the mitochondria.   Once glycogen or glucose have been broken down into two three carbon units of pyruvate, the pyruvate can be further broken down into a high energy compound called acetyl-CoA resulting in the production of CO2 and water.   Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate (also spelled oxalacetate) to form the 6 carbon compound citrate.   From this condensation reaction, a complex array of biochemical reactions take place that involve various molecular transformations such as isomerizations and molecular rearrangements. These various steps result in transformations from the 6-carbon condensation that gave rise to citrate and subsequent 6-carbon units of cis-aconitate, isocitrate to a five carbon unit of alpha-ketoglutarate to the four carbon units of succinate, fumarate, malate and oxaloacetate which, once regenerated is available to combine with another high energy acetyl-CoA and form another unit of citrate under the influence of the enzyme citrate synthetase.   After citrate is formed, two carbon atoms are removed as CO2 as the various TCAC intermediates are formed leading to the regeneration of the 4-carbon oxaloacetate. There are several oxidation steps on the way to the reformation of oxaloacetate.   Each step feeds reducing agents, either NADH or FADH, into the cycle on the way to regenerating oxaloacetate from citrate.   The reducing agents (or reducing equivalents) remove hydrogen from the enzyme substrates.   So, the reducing agents serve as a pool of hydrogen carriers and allow for the further synthesis of ATP during electron transport.   The TCAC results in the production of 2 ATP molecules, 10 carrier molecules and CO2 from each molecule of glucose. Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle Figure 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCAC).   Reproduced  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from David R. Caprette, 2005. Electron Transport   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The complex molecules that were reduced during the Krebs Cycle are re-oxidized by means of the electron transport system. (Figure 3)   Although TCAC results in the production of 2 ATP molecules from each molecule of glucose, electron transport gives rise to 34 ATP molecules and water from the carrier molecules.   Therefore, the majority of the ATP in the cell must be produced in the mitochondria.   The re-oxidation of reduced NADH and FADH2 by O2 involves a sequence of electron carriers in what has become known as the electron transport chain.   It ultimately results in the generation of three molecules of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate for every oxygen molecule involved. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation and is the principal source of usable energy (in the form of ATP) in the cell.   It is provided by the breakdown of both carbohydrates and fats.   In the process, reduced NADH transfers a hydrogen atom plus two electrons (a hydride ion and H-).   Two complex molecules, NAD+ and FAD+, serve as the pool of hydrogen carriers and thus act reducing agents in the mitochondria; NAD+ is reduced to NADH and FAD is reduced to FADH2.   These compounds serve as electron carriers because their oxidation or reduction, the transfer of H+ (a proton), is accompanied by one or two of the electrons. The electrons donated from NADH or FADH2, upon entering this complex, travel from one carrier to the next, with each carrier being a somewhat more powerful oxidant than the previous one.   The hydrogen donated by the reducing agents combines with O2 such that with each molecule of O2 combines with 4 H+ to form water.   Therefore, two molecules of NADH must pass four electrons down the electron transport chain for each reduced oxygen molecule (O2). The chemical structures of the components of the electron transport chain fall into several distinct classes.   Most are proteins that contain special coenzymes called prosthetic groups.   Although they differ in chemical structure, a major difference between NADH and FADH2 is that NADH difuses freely between the dehydrogenases transfer hydrogen to it whereas FAD+ and FADH2 do not.   Another class of electron carriers in the mitochondrial membranes is iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters that are bound to proteins and release Fe3+ or Fe2+ plus H2S when acidified.   All of the carriers only appear to carry one electron at a time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ubiquinone or Coenzyme Q is a third hydrogen carrier localized in the mitochondrial membranes.   It is a common electron carrier that collects electrons from three or more points of input along the electron transport chain and passes them to molecular oxygen.   Unlike the other mitochondrial electron carriers, ubiquinone is not uniquely associated with proteins.   The cytochromes are a final class of electron carrier localized in the mitochondrial membrane.   Cytochromes are small, chemically distinct proteins that contain heme.   Like the other electron transport agents, the cytochromes only carry a single electron.   Cytochromes pass electrons from cyt bcyt ccyt acyt a3O2 Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation Figure 3.   Electron Transport during Oxidative Phosphorylation.   Reproduced from M. W. King, 2001. Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The pathways discussed here involve food consumption and energy utilization arising from food consumption.   Once food is taken in and reaches the stomach, it enters the body and the cells of the body.   Before digestion, food consists of complex, long chain molecules that must be broken during digestion beginning in the mouth and continuing in the stomach.   Once digested food reaches the cells, long chain molecules such as starch and other complex carbohydrates are further broken down into glucose.   Glucose, a six carbon compound, undergoes the process of glycolysis in the cellular cytoplasm to become two three carbon units of pyruvate. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate goes to lactic acid or ethanol, but in the presence of oxygen, pyruvate breaks down into a two-carbon compound, Acetyl-CoA and enters the Krebs Cycle.   There, food can be used to form energy for the cell in the form of ATP.   In the mitochondria, 36 molecules of ATP are formed for each molecule of O2.   Two ATP molecules arise from the Krebs cycle and 34 molecules arise from electron transport for each molecule of oxygen.   Thus, food consumed and oxygen taken in combine to replenish the energy supplies in the body in the form of ATP. References Caprette, David R.   Substrate Oxidation:   Krebs Reactions.   Experimental Biosciences 31 May, 2005.   The Krebs Cycle:   http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitokrebs.html, Thursday, 7 June 2007. King, Michael W. Digestion of Dietary Carbohydrates.   Wednesday, 22-Mar-2006 Glycolysis: http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/glycolysis.html, Thursday, 7 June 2007 King, Michael W. Principals of Reduction/Oxidation (Redox) Reactions. Friday, 30 Mar-2007.   Oxidative Phosphorylation:   http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/oxidative-phosphorylation.html, Thursday, 7 June 2007.